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Understanding Ecology Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment and others. Derived from the Greek words oikos ("habitat") and logos ("knowledge"). Ecology is defined as the study of both the interaction between living things and the interaction between living things and their environment. The term ecology was first coined by Ernst Haeckel (1834 - 1914). In ecology, living things are studied as units or systems with their environment.   The discussion of ecology cannot be separated from the discussion of ecosystems with its various constituent components, namely abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic factors include temperature, water, humidity, light, and topography, while biotic factors are living things consisting of humans, animals, plants and microbes. Ecology is also closely related to the organizational levels of living things, namely populations, communities and ecosystems that influence each other and are a system that sh